Investigate groundwater changes around extraction sites.
Inputs, example and sources
World Bank · Impact Evaluation in Practice Second Edition
Institution publication · Chapter 7, table 7.2, printed page 140, PDF page 170
The formula is verified. Causal interpretation still requires a defensible study design, comparison and assumptions.
Keep the same place, observation period, definitions, units and source versions.
Analysis inputs. Treatment Groundwater head at common datum before [m]; Treatment Groundwater head at common datum after [m]; Comparison Groundwater head at common datum before [m]; Comparison Groundwater head at common datum after [m]; Study design and comparability evidence; Outcome definition, method and reference basis
Other required evidence. Mine activity; well levels; water quality; baseline; comparison wells; geology.
Fictional worked example · 2025
Laggala Pallegama — mining impacts · Laggala Pallegama
| Input or result | Value | Unit |
|---|
| Treatment Groundwater head at common datum before | 42 | m |
| Treatment Groundwater head at common datum after | 59 | m |
| Comparison Groundwater head at common datum before | 39 | m |
| Comparison Groundwater head at common datum after | 46 | m |
| Study design and comparability evidence | Missing | |
| Outcome definition, method and reference basis | Groundwater head at common datum /example matching definition1 | |
| Difference in changes | 10 | m |
|---|
The arithmetic alone does not establish causation. Design, parallel trends, confounding, attrition, uncertainty and adverse effects need appropriate evidence.
Proposed checking role. Hydrogeologist and water-quality specialist.
After the action. Verified outcomes, costs, distributional effects and evidence strength.
- World Bank Impact Evaluation in Practice Second Edition — Institution publication. Chapter7 difference-in-differences. Published difference-in-differences estimator and study assumptions; aggregate examples do not establish causation.
- SHARED domain decision contracts — Validation required. Domain decision rules and matching fictional examples. Local comparisons, constraints, source matching, sorting and follow-up proposals; developer checks do not establish scientific or client approval.
Institution and data context
- Water Resources Board hydrogeology — Institution publication. Full method locator not established. Institutional context; does not establish the calculation or local approval.
- Water Resources Board services — Institution publication. Full method locator not established. Institutional context; does not establish the calculation or local approval.
- WHO water safety planning — Institution publication. Full method locator not established. Institutional context; does not establish the calculation or local approval.
Confirm local scope, data rights, parameters and responsible roles in this Institution review. Published components retain their source; they do not approve the local application.